Breast cancer screening: how do I get tested?

Breast cancer is a commonly discussed topic among women, but it can affect men as well. That is why it is important to be aware of any changes in your body, including the breasts. You might find yourself pondering questions such as “how can I check for breast cancer?”. In this article, we’ll explore the steps and process of breast cancer screening, providing you with a clearer understanding of what to do next

1. Who is eligible for testing?

In Malaysia, breast cancer screening is encouraged for women aged 40 and above. However, women under 40 who have higher risk factors, such as a genetic predisposition, may also be advised to undergo screening earlier.

One such risk factor is the presence of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. These genes are responsible for repairing damaged DNA. However, when this gene is mutated, they significantly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Individuals with these mutations have a higher likelihood of early-onset breast cancer and may need earlier and more frequent screening.

2. Where to get tested? 

Breast cancer screening is widely available in Malaysia. Women can access screenings at government hospitals and clinics such as Klinik Kesihatan, where mammograms are subsidised or even provided for free under certain programs like the Ministry of Health’s Mammogram Subsidy Programme. Private hospitals and specialised clinics also offer screening services for a fee. Mobile mammogram units in various states help reach women in rural areas, making it easier to access screening services.

For men, breast cancer screenings or diagnostic services are available at most government and private hospitals. Men who notice symptoms like lumps or changes in breast tissue should consult their doctor for clinical examinations or imaging tests, such as an ultrasound scan or mammogram, depending on the doctor's recommendation. Genetic counselling and testing may also be available for men with a strong family history of breast cancer.

3. Breast cancer screening steps

Early detection of breast cancer involves a combination of self-awareness and medical screenings. Understanding the available methods helps you to take proactive steps in maintaining breast health. Below are the key steps involved in breast cancer screening, designed to detect any abnormalities as early as possible.

●      Self-examination: Regular breast self-examinations can be done monthly at home. Women should check for any unusual lumps, swelling, or changes in the breast tissue.

●      Clinical breast examination (CBE): This is typically performed by a healthcare professional during regular check-ups. During these check-ups, the healthcare professional will examine the breasts and underarm area for any abnormalities.

●      Mammogram: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect early signs of cancer. For women aged 40 and above, it is recommended to have a mammogram every 1-2 years, while those with high-risk factors may require more frequent tests.

●      Breast MRI: This is usually recommended for those with a high risk of breast cancer, such as individuals with genetic mutations (BRCA1/2). It provides a more detailed image than a mammogram and is especially useful for detecting cancer in dense breast tissue.

Figuring out how to start monitoring your body’s health can feel overwhelming, and that is completely normal. Regular breast cancer screening plays a key role in early detection and significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. By knowing your risk factors and staying informed about screening methods — such as mammograms, MRIs and self-examinations — you can take proactive steps toward safeguarding your health. Early detection saves lives, so make breast cancer screening a priority in your healthcare routine.