Diabetes risk factors: impact of early prevention

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide, including in Malaysia, where recent ¹statistics show that nearly 1 in 5 adults is living with diabetes. Understanding the risk factors is crucial for preventing its onset. By identifying these risk factors early and taking preventive measures, individuals can reduce their chances of developing diabetes, save on healthcare costs, and improve their quality of life. In this article, we will explore what are the causes and common risk factors for diabetes mellitus and how early prevention can lead to better health outcomes and financial savings.

Common risk factors for diabetes

Several risk factors contribute to the high rate of diabetes in Malaysia. One significant factor is genetics; those with a family history of diabetes are at a higher risk of developing the disease. For example, if a parent or sibling has diabetes, the likelihood of developing it increases.

Another prominent factor is age; the risk of diabetes increases as individuals get older, especially over the age of 40. However, cases among younger adults and even children are on the rise in Malaysia, often linked to obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Poor eating habits, including a high intake of sugary and processed foods, can also raise the risk. Additionally, ethnicity plays a role, with Malaysians of Indian and Malay descent facing a higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.

Uncontrolled high blood pressure and cholesterol levels are also major contributors. Those with these health issues are more likely to develop insulin resistance, leading to diabetes if not addressed. Regular check-ups are essential to monitor these factors and take corrective measures if needed.

The impact of early prevention

Taking preventive action early can drastically reduce the chances of developing diabetes. Adopting a balanced diet that is low in refined sugars and rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables is a powerful preventive step. Regular physical activity is equally essential; engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly can help maintain a healthy weight, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce stress levels, which in turn lowers diabetes risk.

Routine medical check-ups are critical for early detection and prevention. For those with risk factors like family history, being overweight, or having high blood pressure, annual screening for blood sugar levels can reveal early signs of prediabetes. Early detection allows for timely interventions, such as dietary adjustments or medication, which can prevent progression to diabetes.

Community awareness and education also play a crucial role. Many Malaysians may not be aware of their diabetes risk, and public health initiatives aimed at educating people on healthy lifestyle choices, the importance of exercise, and regular screenings can make a substantial difference.

Cost savings from early prevention

Preventing diabetes early on not only benefits health but also results in significant financial savings. Diabetes management is costly, requiring regular doctor visits, medication, and possibly insulin therapy, especially if complications arise. For those managing severe diabetes complications, the costs can escalate due to necessary hospitalisations, dialysis, or even surgeries for conditions like diabetic foot ulcers.

By focusing on prevention, individuals can avoid these costs. Simple investments in a healthy diet, fitness activities, and routine screenings are far more affordable in the long run compared to the ongoing expenses of diabetes treatment. Additionally, many employers in Malaysia now support wellness programs, offering their employees incentives for maintaining good health, which can further reduce personal healthcare costs.

Government initiatives and community support can also help Malaysians manage costs through free health screenings and education on lifestyle changes. These programs provide valuable resources that enable individuals to take control of their health without the high costs associated with advanced diabetes care.

Understanding what are risk factors of diabetes mellitus as well as the causes and acting early to prevent the disease can save lives and reduce medical costs. Simple lifestyle changes can significantly decrease the chances of developing diabetes and its complications. By prioritising your health now, you can protect yourself from future health issues and financial burdens, ensuring a healthier and more secure life.

Source: 

1. ¹ Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur, Winning The Battle Against Diabetes, Dr. Saiful B Kassim